Recent progress in blue energy harvesting for powering distributed sensors in ocean

Tiancong Zhao, Minyi Xu, Xiu Xiao, Yong Ma, Zhou Li, Zhong Lin Wang; Nano Energy, Volume 88, 106199, ISSN 2211-2855.

PDF
1-s2.0-S2211285521004559-main.pdf
DOI
10.1016/j.nanoen.2021.106199

Abstract

Oceanography has received a lot of attention in the 21st century. Due to the harsh and complex ocean conditions, ensuring power supply to the distributed marine equipment has become a critical challenge. The ocean kinetic energy harvester (OKEH) has made favorable progress in powering ocean sensors by harvesting blue energy. The latest developments in the electromagnetic harvester (EMH), electroactive polymers harvester (EAH), triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), and hybrid harvester (HH) are reviewed in this study. This study analyzes the working principles and output performance of the OKEH as well as highlights the future challenges of and perspectives on the OKEH. Based on the comparison of OKEHs, this study indicates that TENG is favorable for harvesting low-frequency, low-amplitude, and random-direction wave energy (called high entropy energy).